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stingless bee
Stingless bees, sometimes called stingless honey bees or simply meliponines, are a large group of bees (about 500 species), comprising the tribe Meliponini〔 (or subtribe Meliponina according to other authors〔). They belong in the family Apidae, and are closely related to common honey bees, carpenter bees, orchid bees, and bumblebees.〔Roubik, D W. 1989. ''Ecology and Natural History of Tropical Bees''. ''Cambridge Tropical Biology Series'', 528 pp.〕 Meliponines have stingers, but they are highly reduced and cannot be used for defense. Meliponines are not the only type of "stingless" bee; all male bees and many female bees of several other families, such as Andrenidae, also cannot sting.〔
== Range ==
Stingless bees can be found in most tropical or subtropical regions of the world, such as Australia, Africa, Southeast Asia, and tropical America.〔Michener, C D. ''The bees of the World''. Johns Hopkins University Press, 972 pp.〕〔Silveira, F A; Melo, G A R; Almeida, E A B. 2002. ''Abelhas Brasileiras: Sistemática e Identificação''. Fernando A. Silveira, 253 pp.〕 The majority of native eusocial bees of Central and South America are stingless bees, although only a few of them produce honey on a scale such that they are farmed by humans. They are also quite diverse in Africa, including Madagascar,〔]〕 and are farmed there also; meliponine honey is prized as a medicine in many African communities, as well as in South America.
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